8 Disturbing Facts About Human Evolution

3. You€™re Made Of Mostly Junk

Not to get you down or anything, but most of you is junk. When the human genome was decoded, it was discovered that almost all of the DNA, perhaps as much as 98%, is what is known as "non-coding". This basically mean that they don't code for a protein. This is a brilliant demonstration of how messy and disordered evolution actually is. It's not some kind of design process with a beginning and an end, but a series of random mutations and trial and error. Many of this non-coding DNA are the evolutionary leaps that never were, mutations that never took hold and random changes that made precisely nothing happen. The reason why they're still knocking around is because they're not hurting anyone. Evolution only "gets rid" of the stuff that damages its chances of being passed on, the non-coding DNA doesn't have any effect on reproductive success and therefore just keeps getting offloaded from one generation to the next. This also goes some way to explaining the weird discrepancy between the size of an organism's genome and its apparent complexity. For example, the salamander's genome is 10 times as complex as humans, but the little lizard is less complex. This is largely the result of the sheer amount of non-coding DNA locked up in them. The term "junk" DNA is perhaps a little unfair; just because it doesn't code for a protein, doesn't mean that it's just freeloading. Much of this non-coding DNA helps regulate the "proper" DNA, preventing mutations and regulating expressions. They're basically like the underappreciated backstage crew for a Broadway show, bitterly necking coffee as the stars take their eighth curtain call.
 
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