Star Trek: Every Borg Ship Explained
5. The Queen's Ship
The Borg Queen's role is to coordinate the Collective and bring order to chaos. She isn't exactly an individual, but she does show signs of emotion, unlike typical drones. She is often present during missions that the Borg deemed vitally important, such as The Battle Of Wolf 359, where she tried to convince Locutus to become her "partner."
While aboard Cubes, the Queen resides within a specialized room called a "queencell," but sometimes she rides aboard her own unique starship, the octahedron-shaped vessel we see in the Voyager episode Dark Frontier. The Queen brought Seven Of Nine aboard the ship and forced her to watch the assimilation of Species 10026 in order to reintroduce her to the Borg way of life.
It's likely that the Queen's ship is equipped with a spatial trajector, just like the one located inside the queencell aboard Cubes. A spatial trajector is a highly sophisticated transporter used to beam the Queen to safety in the event of an emergency, and has a theoretical range of about 40,000 lightyears (nearly half the diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy).
While the ship was destroyed at the end of Dark Frontier, the Collective probably replaced it immediately, just as they do when a Queen dies.