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3. Bajor
At the core of Deep Space Nine was the planet Bajor. It was introduced in The Next Generation, as were the Cardassians, the species who had long oppressed the Bajorans. The first major Bajoran character was Ro Laren, a rebellious young Starfleet officer who was mentored by Captain Picard. The space station DS9 orbited Bajor until it was abandoned by the Cardassians. Starfleet took it over after the occupation ended.
Bajor holds in interesting spot in the Star Trek universe as they are one of the few major species who have strong religious ideologies. Their religious beliefs factor heavily into Deep Space Nine, particularly since the Benjamin Sisko, the station's Federation commander, immediately became one of their religious figures upon arriving.
Aspects of the Bajoran culture are explored but there is so much more to delve into. Their history is ripe with potential stories as is their growth after the end of the Cardassian occupation and the disappearance of Sisko. The Bajorans have incredible depth that has yet to be fully explored.